Economy
Where GDP goes
Overview asks "who PRODUCED it"; this page looks at the same total from a completely different angle: "who SPENT it".
A Second Look at the Same GDP: Who Spends It
The Overview page shows WHICH SECTORS the $118T total of world GDP arises in - 7 raw material sectors, 13 service sectors, and the tax bridge - i.e., the answer to "who PRODUCED it". This page looks at the same total from a completely different angle: "who SPENT it".
Beyond each country's intermediate consumption (trade between sectors), OECD ICIO also keeps separate columns for sales that go directly to final users - households, government, investment, inventory changes, and non-profit institutions. We collapse these 486 columns (85 countries × 6 categories) into 6 categories at the world total level.
This is an accounting identity completely independent from our production-side calculation (value added + tax bridge) - known in economics as the "GDP = expenditure approach". How close the two come out for the same year (2022) is covered separately in the verification note below.
World GDP, by Expenditure Category (2025)
Carried forward from 2022 ICIO data to 2025 using the same scaling factor as in the Overview.
Household Final Consumption
Goods and services households consume directly - groceries, rent, transport, health care.
Gross Fixed Capital Formation
Investment in fixed capital such as construction, machinery, and vehicles - future production capacity.
Government Final Consumption
Services the government consumes directly for public administration, defence, education, health, and the like.
Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households
Services that non-profit institutions such as foundations and associations provide to households.
Change in Inventories
The within-year change in stocks of goods that have been produced but not yet sold.
Direct Purchases Abroad
Direct spending made during travel/tourism abroad.