The world's income statement and balance sheet on one page: how output splits into wages, depreciation, taxes and net profit.
The Planet's Income Statement
Think of the world as a single company: the planet operates for a year, sells what it produces, pays its employees, pays its taxes, wears down its machinery - and what's left over is a net profit. The table below is this "planet company's" income statement for 2025.
A large share of the earnings in raw-material sectors like oil, mining, and agriculture isn't really value added through processing - it's the inherent value of material extracted from nature. In this table we show that on a separate line ("Raw Materials") so the remaining profit reflects value that was genuinely produced.
Planet Earth's 2025 Income Statement
Item
Amount
Share (%)
Net Sales (=GDP, B1GQ)
118,18 T $
%100,0
Raw Materials
- 6,49 T $
- %5,5
Gross Profit
111,70 T $
%94,5
Wages (D1)
- 57,93 T $
- %49,0
EBITDA
53,77 T $
%45,5
Depreciation (P51C)
- 21,23 T $
- %18,0
Pre-Tax Profit
32,54 T $
%27,5
Taxes (D2X3)
- 10,03 T $
- %8,5
Net Profit
22,51 T $
%19,0
Net profit margin: 19.0%. That's what the profit margin would be if the world were a company. But it's not quite a real "company profit" either - it also includes the imputed value of homeowners living in their own homes, the earnings of the self-employed, and services provided by government.
The Planet's Balance Sheet
Let's look at what the same planet-company holds at the end of a day: everything it owns (from real estate to equities) on the left, how it financed those holdings (through debt or its own equity) on the right. A classic "T" balance sheet - the left side always equals the right side, because every asset has a source of financing.
This is the sum of the world's 4 sectors (Households, Corporations, Government, Financial Institutions) - with no sector breakdown, just an answer to "what does the world hold, and how does it finance it."
Planet Earth's 2025 Balance Sheet
Assets
Real Assets
Land
227,22 T $
Other Buildings and Structures
128,51 T $
Housing
125,28 T $
China (CASS 2019, no category breakdown)
94,89 T $
Machinery and Equipment
37,75 T $
Intellectual Property
20,04 T $
Mineral/Energy Reserves
16,49 T $
Inventory/Stock
16,19 T $
Valuables
4,13 T $
Other Natural Resources
0,58 T $
Agricultural/Biological Assets
0,29 T $
Total Real Assets
671,37 T $
Financial Assets
Equity and Investment Fund Shares
416,63 T $
Loans
225,64 T $
Currency and Deposits
194,67 T $
Debt Securities
165,04 T $
Insurance/Pensions
97,10 T $
Derivatives
57,57 T $
Other Receivables
64,87 T $
Gold/SDR
14,00 T $
Total Financial Assets
1.235,50 T $
Assets
1.906,87 T $
Resources
Financial Resources
Equity and Investment Fund Shares
384,24 T $
Loans
211,79 T $
Currency and Deposits
180,54 T $
Debt Securities
177,46 T $
Insurance/Pensions
103,37 T $
Derivatives
50,78 T $
Other Payables
62,80 T $
Gold/SDR
1,50 T $
Total Financial Resources
1.172,47 T $
Equity (Net Worth)
734,39 T $
Resources
1.906,87 T $
Both sides equal 1.906,87 T $. Real Assets (real estate, infrastructure, machinery, intellectual property, natural resources) aren't the counterpart of any liability - they flow straight into Equity, which is why on the right side the sum of Financial Resources (1.172,47 T $) and Equity (734,39 T $) equals Total Assets on the left.
Sector-Level Financial Statements
Four Sectors, Four Separate Companies
The balance sheet above was the sum of the world's 4 sectors (Households, Non-Financial Corporations, Financial Corporations, Government). Now let's break out these 4 sectors one by one - each has its own balance sheet, and two of them (Non-Financial/Financial Corporations) also have their own income statement.
It's normal for a sector's own "Financial Assets - Financial Liabilities" gap to be far from zero - Households are naturally net creditors (savers), while Corporate/Government sectors are naturally net debtors (borrowing to finance investment/spending). The world total's $63T ($50.5T excluding gold) "residual that should theoretically be zero" is the SUM of these 4 sectors' net positions.
Households and Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households (NPISH) - Balance Sheet
Assets
Real Assets
Land
123,15 T $
Housing
114,28 T $
China (CASS 2019, no category breakdown)
35,83 T $
Other Buildings and Structures
14,25 T $
Machinery and Equipment
4,29 T $
Valuables
4,18 T $
Intellectual Property
1,58 T $
Inventory/Stock
0,90 T $
Other Natural Resources
0,16 T $
Agricultural/Biological Assets
0,14 T $
Mineral/Energy Reserves
0,00 T $
Total Real Assets
298,76 T $
Financial Assets
Equity and Investment Fund Shares
151,44 T $
Insurance/Pensions
92,10 T $
Currency and Deposits
90,37 T $
Debt Securities
11,00 T $
Other Accounts Receivable/Payable
9,98 T $
Loans
2,82 T $
Derivatives
0,19 T $
Gold/SDR
0,00 T $
Total Financial Assets
357,90 T $
Assets
656,66 T $
Resources
Financial Resources
Loans
69,07 T $
Other Accounts Receivable/Payable
3,23 T $
Debt Securities
0,47 T $
Equity and Investment Fund Shares
0,38 T $
Insurance/Pensions
0,19 T $
Derivatives
0,09 T $
Gold/SDR
0,00 T $
Currency and Deposits
0,00 T $
Total Financial Resources
73,43 T $
Equity (Net Worth)
583,23 T $
Resources
656,66 T $
No income statement yet for this sector. Households don't have "profit" - the right concept is Savings (income minus consumption) - that requires a separate table design, which hasn't been built yet.